Job Satisfaction And Aboriginal Labour Mobility Among Nonreserve Populations: An Overlooked Variable?

Christopher Adams

doi:10.29173/jaed288

Authors

Christopher Adams

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29173/jaed288

Keywords:

Business And Economics, Demography, Employment, Ethnic Interests, Gender, Human resources, Identity, Indigenous peoples, Job satisfaction, Job security, Labor force, Labor market, Labor migration, Metis, Mobility, Native North Americans, Policy making, Population growth, Retention, Social policy, Variables

Abstract

With a focus on the non-reserve Aboriginal population of Manitoba, this article examines the extent to which job satisfaction influences labour mobility. The study incorporates into the analysis a comparison of this factor to such other variables as job security, gender, age, education, as well as Aboriginal identity (i.e., First Nations, Métis, etc.). The author concludes that among those who are employed in the non-reserve population, two variables stand out as being statistically significant in association to mobility: age and job satisfaction. At the same time, many other variables in this population of employed individuals do not stand out as being statistically significance, most notably gender and education. It is hoped that this paper will further discussions among policy makers and program strategists regarding the "whys" behind population mobility rather than simply the "who" when addressing issues involving labour mobility. This study therefore pertains directly to the topics of demography, human resources, and social policy as they together apply to Métis, non-status Indians, and First Nations people residing off-reserve. The results for this study are based on a random and representative sample of 1,019 self-identified Aboriginal respondents, of which 362 were employed full-time at the time of the interview and were residing in a non-reserve community in Manitoba.

References

Adams, Christopher. (2009). Community Conditions as Factors of Health, Economic Outlook and Mobility: Survey Data and Aboriginal People in Manitoba. Presentation to the Aboriginal Policy Research Conference, Ottawa. Available at <http://rcep.ca/distribution/20090205_adams_christopher.pdf>, accessed September 17, 009.

Adams, Christopher, Kevin McDougald, and Mary Lou Mendro. (2008). Aboriginal Mobility, Report submitted to HRSDC, Probe Research Inc., Winnipeg.

Brownlie, Robin Jarvis. (2007). First Peoples in Manitoba. The Encyclopedia of Manitoba, pp. 215–17. Winnipeg: Great Plains Publications.

Bush, Alvin, and Ronald Bush. (2009). Marketing Research: Sixth Edition, Boston: Prentice Hall.

Campbell, Alison. (2002). Excellence in Workplace Literacy, Large Business Winner, 2001: The North West Company. Education and Learning Case Study, May 2002, Ottawa: Conference Board of Canada. Available at , accessed September 12, 2009.

Canadian Millennium Foundation. (2008). Changing Course: Improving Aboriginal Access to Post-Secondary Education in Canada: Millennium Research Note #2, Ottawa: Canadian Millennium Foundation. Available at <http://www.millenniumscholarships.ca/images/publications/mrn-changing-course-en.pdf>, accessed September 17, 2009.

Ciceri, Coryse, and Katherine Scott. (2006). The Determinants of Employment Among Aboriginal Peoples. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Moving Forward, Making a Difference, Volume 1, pp. 3–32. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Clatworthy, Stewart. (1980). Patterns of Native Employment in the Winnipeg Labour Market. Winnipeg: Institute of Urban Studies, University of Winnipeg.

Clatworthy, Stewart, and Jonathan Gunn. (1981). Economic Circumstances of Native People in Selected Metropolitan Centres in Western Canada. Winnipeg: Institute of Urban Studies, University of Winnipeg.

Clatworthy, Stewart. (2007). Indian Registration, Membership, and Population Change in First Nations Communities. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Moving Forward, Making a Difference, Volume V, pp. 99–120. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Clatworthy, Stewart, Mary Jane Norris, and Éric Guimond. (2007). A New Open Model Approach to Projecting Aboriginal Populations. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Moving Forward, Making a Difference, Volume IV, pp. 243–62. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Cooke, Martin, (1999). On Leaving Home: Return and Circular Migration Between First Nations and Prairie Cities, M.A. Thesis, unpublished, University of Western Ontario.

Cowin, Leanne. (2002). The Effects of Nurses’ Job Satisfaction on Retention: An Australian Perspective. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(5), 283–91.

Hull, Jeremy. (2004). Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education and Labour Market Outcomes in Canada, 1996. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Setting the Agenda for Change, Volume 1, pp. 149–73. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Hull, Jeremy. (2009). Aboriginal Youth, Education, and Labour Market Outcomes. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Education: Current Crisis and Future Alternatives, pp. 309–20. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Ingersoll, Gail L., et al. (2002). Nurses’ Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Career Intent. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 32(5), 250–63.

Jantzen, Lorna. (2004). Reporting Métis in Urban Centres on the 1996 Census. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Setting the Agenda for Change, Volume 1, pp. 85–112. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Luffman, Jacqueline, and Deborah Sussman. (2007). The Aboriginal Labour Force in Western Canada. Perspectives on Labour and Income, 8(1). Available at <http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/75-001-x/10107/9570-eng.htm>, accessed September 17, 2009.

Manitoba Hydro. (2009). Know Your Hydro. Available at <http://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/know_your_hydro/>, accessed September, 7, 2009.

Maxim, Paul, and Jerry White. (2006). School Completion and Workforce Transitions among Urban Aboriginal Youth. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Moving Forward, Making a Difference, Volume 3, pp. 33–52. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

McMillan, Alan. (1995). Native Peoples and Cultures of Canada, 2nd Edition. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

Mendelson, Michael. (2006). Aboriginal Peoples and Post-secondary Education in Canada. Ottawa: Caledon Institute of Social Policy. Available at <http://www.caledoninst.org/Publications/PDF/595ENG.pdf>, accessed September 17, 2009.

Moore, Barrington. (1967). Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston: Beacon Press.

Morin, Heather. (2004). Student Performance Data and Research Tools to Ensure Aboriginal Student Success. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Setting the Agenda for Change, Volume 1, pp. 193–206. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Nelson, R. Ryan, and Peter A. Todd. (2004). Peopleware: The Hiring and Retention of IT Personnel. In Magid Igbaria and Conrad Shayo (eds.), Strategies for Managing IS/IT Personnel, pp. 1–17. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.

Norris, Doug. (2008). Aboriginal Identity Population in Manitoba: Results from the 2006 Census. presentation to the Statistics Canada Strength in Number Conference, Winnipeg, March 20, 2008.

Norris, Mary Jane, and Stewart Clatworthy. (2003). Aboriginal Mobility and Migration Within Urban Canada: Outcomes, Factors and Implications. In David Newhouse and Evelyn Peters eds.), Not Strangers in These Parts: Urban Aboriginal Peoples, pp. 51–78. Ottawa: Policy Research Initiative, Government of Canada.

Norris, Mary Jane, and Stewart Clatworthy. (2007). Aboriginal Mobility and Migration: Trends, Recent Patterns, and Implications: 1971–2001. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Policy Research: Moving Forward, Making a Difference, Volume IV, pp. 207–34. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Norris, Mary Jane, Martin Cooke, and Stewart Clatworthy. (2003). Aboriginal Mobility and Migration Patterns and the Policy Implications. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Conditions: Research as a Foundation for Public Policy, pp. 108–29. Vancouver: UBC Press.

North West Company. (2009). Corporate Opportunities. Available at <http://www.northwest.ca/corporate_opportunities>, accessed September 7, 2009.

Polanyi, Karl. (2001 [1957]). The Great Transformation: The Political and Economic Origins of our Time. Boston: Beacon Press.

Richards, John, and Aidan Vining. (2003). Educational Outcomes of Aboriginal Students in British Columbia: The Impact of ‘Good Schools’ on Test Scores. In David Newhouse and Evelyn Peters (eds.), Not Strangers in These Parts: Urban Aboriginal Peoples, pp. 201–16. Ottawa: Policy Research Initiative, Government of Canada.

Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. (2006). Final Report: Volume 4, Perspectives and Realities, Ottawa: Government of Canada. Available at <http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ap/rrc-eng.asp> accessed September 7, 2009.

Rust, Roland T., et al. (1996). The Satisfaction and Retention of Frontline Employees: A Customer Satisfaction Measurement Approach. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 7(5), 62–80.

Siggner, Andrew. (2003). Urban Aboriginal Populations: An Update Using the 2001 Census Results. In David Newhouse and Evelyn Peters (eds.), Not Strangers in These Parts: Urban Aboriginal Peoples, pp. 15–34. Ottawa: Policy Research Initiative, Government of Canada.

Stanbury, W.T. (1975). Success and Failure: Indians in Urban Society. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Statistics Canada. (2008). Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS): Detailed Information for 2006. Available at <http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3250&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2>, accessed September 17, 2009.

Vinokur-Kaplan, Diane, et al. (1994). Job Satisfaction and Retention of Social Workers in Public Agencies, Non-Profit Agencies, and Private Practice: The Impact of Workplace Conditions and Motivators. Administration in Social Work, 18(3), 93–121.

White, Jerry, and Paul Maxim. (2003). Social Capital, Social Cohesion, and Population Outcomes in Canada’s First Nations Communities. In Jerry White, et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Conditions: Research as a Foundation for Public Policy, pp. 7–33. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

White, Jerry, Julie Peters, and Dan Beavon. (2009). Enhancing Educational Attainment for First Nations Children. In Jerry White et al. (eds.), Aboriginal Education: Current Crisis and Future Alternatives, pp. 117–74. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.

Yerema, Richard. (2009). Manitoba Liquor Control Commission: Chosen as one of Canada’s Top 100 Employers and Manitoba’s Top Employers for 2009. Available at <http://www.eluta.ca/topemployer-manitoba-liquor>, accessed September 10, 2009.