Mining, Harvesting And Decision Making In Nunavut: A Case Study of Uranium Mining in Baker Lake

Abstract

Despite a growing dependence on the capitalist economy, many Inuit communities in Nunavut continue to rely a great deal on harvesting to satisfy a variety of economic, social and cultural needs. While wage labour employment at mines and other extractive projects may provide income to purchase the equipment and supplies necessary for harvesting, they also threaten and undermine the viability of harvesting activities, primarily by damaging local ecosystems - and therefore the wildlife resources upon which harvesting is based. The coexistence of these two forms of economic activity is dependent upon the ability of Inuit, especially Elders, to participate in decisions regarding mining. The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement has created a variety of mechanisms, including Inuit Qaujimatuqangit studies, Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreements and consultations, which enable Inuit to exert control over what type of mining activities proceed in their homeland. However, a case study of Areva Resources Canada Inc.'s proposal to mine uranium near Baker Lake reveals that the manner in which these mechanisms are utilized does not always facilitate meaningful input from entire communities. Community consultation meetings - the most prominent method of soliciting Inuit input and commentary for mining projects - suffer from barriers to participation. While this may be indicative of a need to rethink the manner in which consultations take place, an overhaul of the bureaucratic structures involved in community consultations will take time and considerable research. More immediate action is required to facilitate participation in dialogues surrounding contemporary proposals for major mining projects in Nunavut, including Areva's proposal.